5G NTN关键技术研究与演进展望

5G非地面网络（non-terrestrial network,NTN）技术是5G通信系统面向卫星通信和低空通信等新应用场景的重要技术，标志着5G技术应用从陆地通信走向了空间通信。首先分析了5G NTN和地面5G的差异点，包括网络架构、时频同步、HARQ和移动性管理等。进而介绍了3GPP Release 17的5G NTN标准进展及关键技术点与3GPP Release 18的5G NTN增强技术。最后展望了未来空、天、地一体化的技术演进。通过对5G NTN技术研究和标准分析，明确了5G和卫星通信融合的技术路线，并为后续6G空、天、地融合系统研究和设计提供基础。     

Phenolic profiling reveals the metabolite basis of flesh colour and fresh-cut browning in apple fruit

Flesh colour, which is affected by cultivars and browning, can largely impact consumer acceptance in fresh-cut apples. The study profiled phenolic metabolites from apple flesh of twenty-three cultivars by widely targeted metabolomics. Comparison among white- and yellow-fleshed cultivars showed fifteen phenolics, mainly quercetin 3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, hesperetin 5-O-glucoside and cymaroside, in white-fleshed apples were significantly higher than those in yellow-fleshed apples. It may indicate a metabolite basis of yellow and white flesh colour, and better potential nutrition in white-fleshed apples. In addition, ten phenolic metabolites including five cyanidin glycosides showed significant differences between the highest and the lowest browning groups, indicating them may be crucial in browning of fresh-cut apple. This work elucidates the differences of phenolic profiles among apple cultivars with different flesh colour and provides useful data to evaluate the suitability of apple for fresh-cut processing.     

高光谱成像用高帧频CMOS图像传感器北大核心

针对高帧频、全局曝光和光谱平坦等成像应用需求,设计了一款高光谱成像用CMOS图像传感器。其光敏元采用PN型光电二极管,读出电路采用5T像素结构。采用列读出电路以及高速多通道模拟信号并行读出的设计方案来获得低像素固定图像噪声(FPN)和非均匀性抑制。芯片采用ASMC 0.35μm三层金属两层多晶硅标准CMOS工艺流片,为了抑制光电二极管的光谱干涉效应,后续进行了光谱平坦化VAE特殊工艺,并对器件的光电性能进行了测试评估。电路测试结果符合理论设计预期,成像效果良好,像素具备积分可调和全局快门功能,最终实现的像素规模为512×256,像元尺寸为30μm×30μm,最大满阱电子为400 ke^(-),FPN小于0.2%,动态范围为72 dB,帧频为450 f/s,相邻10 nm波段范围内量子效率相差小于10%,可满足高光谱成像系统对CMOS成像器件的要求。     

泸县6.0级地震文化遗产震害调查与分析

2021年9月16日，四川省泸县发生6.0级地震，对当地的文化遗产造成了不同程度的损坏。为掌握文化遗产在此次地震中的破坏情况，对古建筑、古桥、渡槽、摩崖造像、古遗址以及可移动文物进行震害调查，分析破坏原因，提出不同文化遗产的震害等级，并统计其在此次地震中破坏占比。研究结果表明：古建筑中木结构的震害较轻，砖木结构和石木结构的损伤较为严重，表现为墙体开裂、倾斜、倒塌和屋面损毁等破坏；古桥的桥面板产生裂缝和起壳，桥头堡基石发生移位；摩崖造像发生开裂、石像脱落，部分岩石发生坠落；古遗址的原有缝隙增大，石砌墙歪闪或倾斜；可移动文物与陈列台连接的金属卡件在地震下崩落。根据震害调查结果，将文化遗产的震害划分为4个等级，并对古建筑的维修与加固、摩崖造像的一体化监测、古桥的维护与应急抢险、可移动文物的隔震保护提出几点建议，为我国文化遗产的抗震保护提供参考。     

Improved thermal stability of the near-infrared Al-modulated Zn3Ga2GeO8: Cr3+ phosphors for plant growth applications

The exploration of the high thermal stability near-infrared (NIR) phosphors is significantly crucial for the development of plant lighting. However, NIR phosphors suffer from the poor chemical and thermal stability, which severely limits their long-term operation. Here, the successful improvement of luminous intensity (149.5%) and thermal stability at 423 K of Zn₃Ga₂GeO₈ (ZGGO): Cr³⁺ phosphors is achieved for the introduction of Al³⁺ ions into the host. The release of carriers in deep traps inhibits the emission loss for the thermal disturbance. Furthermore, an NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs) lamp is explored by combining the optimized Zn₃Ga_1.1675Al_0.8GeO₈: 0.0325Cr³⁺ phosphors with a commercial 460 nm blue chip, and the emission band can match well with the absorption bands of photosynthetic pigments and the phytochrome (P_R and P_FR) of plants. The explored LEDs lamp further determines the growth and the pheromone content of the involved plants for the participation of the NIR emission originated from Cr³⁺ ions. Our work provides a promising NIR lamp as plant light with improved thermal stability for long-term operation.     

Mechanical properties of biomimetic ceramic with Bouligand architecture

Biomimetic Bouligand architecture is constructed in the ceramic to improve its toughness. Firstly, unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced ZrB₂-SiC ceramic films are achieved through a vacuum-assisted filtration method using graphene oxide. Then, ceramic films are helically assembled at a fixed angle of 30° in the graphite die based on the fiber orientation. Finally, the spark plasma sintering method was utilized to densify helical assembly carbon fiber/ceramic films. By constructing Bouligand structure, high fracture toughness (7.4 MPa·m^0.5) and work of fracture (∼1055 J/m²) are achieved in ZrB₂-based ceramic. The toughening mechanisms mainly are crack deflection, twisting and branching, carbon fiber pulling out, and bridging.